Khufu Boat Pits
Khufu Pyramid Complex
Details
- ID
- Khufu Boat Pits
- Alternate IDs
- KhufuBoatPits; Khufu Boat Pits
- Site Name
- Khufu Pyramid Complex
- Site Type
- Trench
- Site Dates
- type: PorterMoss Date; date: Dynasty 4
- Tomb Owner
- Yes
- Bibliography
- Aldred, Egypt to the End of the Old Kingdom, figs. 81, 83. Altenmüller, Hartwig. "Funerary Boats and Boat Pits of the Old Kingdom." In Filip Coppens, ed. Abusir and Saqqara in the year 2001. Proceedings of the Symposium (Prague, September 25th-27th, 2001). Archiv Orientální 70, No. 3 (August 2002). Prague: Oriental Institute, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 2002, pp. 269-270, 273-274, 282-285, fig. 1, p. 289, fig. 6. Bothmer, Bernard V. Egypt 1950: My First Visit. Oxford: Oxbow Books, 2003, p. 9, note 23. Bruchet, Nouvelles recherches sur la Grande Pyramide, pl. 3. Cerný, Jaroslav. "A Note on the Recently Discovered Boat of Cheops." Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 41 (1955), pp. 75-79, fig. 1. Cwiek, Andrzej. Relief Decoration in the Royal Funerary Complexes of the Old Kingdom: Studies in the Development, Scene Content and Iconography. Warsaw: Institute of Archaeology, Faculty of History, Warsaw University, 2003, pp. 93, 96. Dimick in Archaeology 8 (1955), p. 94, unnumbered fig. Elstner, Egypt: The Gift of the Nile, pl. 42. Hanna, Hany. "Cheops Wooden Boat and its Museum; Condition Case Study." In Hany Hanna, ed. ICOM-CC-Wood, Furniture and Lacquer. International Conference on Heritage of Naqada and Qus Region. Monastery of the Archangel Michael, Naqada, Egypt. 22-28 January 2007. Preprints 1. Egypt: International Council of Museums & Diocese of Naqada and Qus, 2007, pp. 182-187, figs. 3, 4. Hassan, Selim. Excavations at Gîza 6: 1934-1935. Part 1: The Solar-boats of Khafra, their Origin and Development, together with the Mythology of the Universe which they are supposed to traverse. Cairo: Government Press, 1946, pp. 40-42, fig. 14. Hassan, Selim. Excavations at Gîza 10: 1938-39. The Great Pyramid of Khufu and its Mortuary Chapel. With Names and Titles of Vols. 1-10 of the Excavations at Gîza. Cairo: General Organisation for Government Printing Offices, 1960, p. 38, figs. 10-11, 13, pl. 12-14. Hawass, Zahi. "Khufu's National Project: The Great Pyramid of Giza in the Year 2528 B.C." In Peter Janosi, ed. Structure and Significance: Thoughts on Ancient Egyptian Architecture, Vienna: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 2005, pp. 315-317, figs. 3, 4. Hawass, Zahi. "Excavating the Old Kingdom. The Egyptian Archaeologists." In Egyptian Art in the Age of the Pyramids. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1999, pp. 157-158. Hawass, Zahi. "Pyramid Construction. New Evidence Discovered at Giza." In Heike Guksch and Daniel Polz, eds. Stationen. Beiträge zur Kulturgeschichte Ägyptens Rainer Stadelmann gewidmet, Mainz: Philipp von Zabern, 1998, p. 56. Hawass, Zahi. "The Discovery of a Pair-Statue near the Pyramid of Menkaure at Giza." Mitteilungen des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts, Abteilung Kairo 53 (1997), p. 289. Hawass, Zahi. "The Great Sphinx at Giza: Date and Function." In Gian Maria Zaccone and Tomaso Ricardi di Netro (eds.) Sesto Congresso Internazionale di Egittologia. Atti, Volume II. Turin, 1993, p. 187. Lehner, Mark. "Giza. A Contextual Approach to the Pyramids." Archiv für Orientforschung 32 (1985), p. 158. Lehner, Mark. "The Development of the Giza Necropolis. The Khufu Project." Mitteilungen des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts, Abteilung Kairo 41 (1985), p. 137. Manuelian, Peter Der. "Excavating the Old Kingdom. The Giza Necropolis and Other Mastaba Fields." In Egyptian Art in the Age of the Pyramids. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1999, pp. 146, 150, 152, 153, notes 20, 42. Maragioglio and Rinaldi, L'Architettura 4, Tav. 1, 9, 10. Michalowski, Art, fig. 850. Monter, Lives of the Pharaohs, fig. on p. 33. Porter, Bertha, and Rosalind L.B. Moss. Topographical Bibliography of Ancient Egyptian Hieroglyphic Texts, Reliefs, and Paintings 3: Memphis (Abû Rawâsh to Dahshûr). Oxford: The Clarendon Press, 1931. 2nd edition. 3: Memphis, Part 1 (Abû Rawâsh to Abûsîr), revised and augmented by Jaromír Málek. Oxford: The Clarendon Press, 1974, pp. 14-16, plans 3, 5, 19. Reisner, George A. "A New Discovery in Egypt." Harvard Alumni Bulletin (March 19, 1925), pp. 736-738. Reisner, George A. "The Dead Hand in Egypt." The Independent 114, No. 3903 (March 21, 1925), p. 322. Rowe, Alan. "Studies in the Archaeology of the Near East II: Some Facts Concerning the Gread Pyramids of el-Gîza and Their Royal Constructors." Bulletin of the John Rylands Library 44, No. 1 (September 1961), pp. 115-116. Smith, William Stevenson. "The Old Kingdom in Egypt," The Cambridge Ancient History, rev. ed. of vols. I & II, Cambridge University Press, 1962, p. 31. Soga, The Nile, fig. on p. 62. Thomas, Elizabeth. "Solar Barks Prow to Prow." Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 42 (1956), pp. 66-67. Verner, Miroslav. "Contemporaneous Evidence for the Relative Chronology of Dyns. 4 and 5." In Erik Hornung, Rolf Krauss & David A. Warburton, eds. Ancient Egyptian Chronology, Leiden/Boston: Brill, 2006, p. 132. Viollet and Doresse, Egypt, pl. 57. Westendorf, Das Alte Agypten, fig. on p. 44.
- Remarks
- Boat-pits No. 1-2 are parallel to the southern side of Khufu's pyramid and north of Cemetery G.I.S., with No. 1 west of No. 2. Boat-pits No. 3-4 are parallel to the eastern side of Khufu's pyramid, with No. 3 off the south side of Khufu's mortuary temple and No. 4 off the northern side of Khufu's mortuary temple. Boat-pit No. 5 is also east of Khufu's pyramid, but is parallel to Khufu's causeway just east of Khufu's mortuary temple. Lepsius excavated in 1843. Petrie excavated in 1880-1882 but did not recognize the import of the boat pits. Reisner re-excavated No. 5 in 1924 and called it a sun-bark. Hassan re-excavated Nos. 2-5 in 1934-1935 and called No. 3 the Northern North-south Boat, No. 4 the Southern North-south Boat, and No. 5 the East-west Boat (or solar-boat).
